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عمومی::
زنجیره تأمین، زنجیره تامین
The Fair Trade movement has tried to protect smallholder farmers in the developing world from precisely such middlemen,36 who in Latin American countries are known by the wolfish moniker "coyotes."37 Middlemen can prey on unsuspecting buyers, too, as when some retailers in the Fair Trade supply chain take advantage of the naivete of Western consumers by charging markups for the fair trade label that are far higher than what growers receive.38 In general, anyone who preys on the vulnerable or ill-informed fits the bill: in banking, it's lenders to the desperate, from mafia-style loan sharks to the predatory lenders who exploit the elderly and the disabled.39 In high tech, it's patent aggregators, also known as patent trolls-companies that build up portfolios of patents not to ease patent licensing to firms that create products but to threaten alleged infringers with costly lawsuits.40 In academia, it's predatory publishers, those with
As a Los Angeles TV investigation uncovered, several stands claiming to be selling locally grown produce had actually been importing their avocados and other produce from Mexico, where a warm climate and low wages made produce prices far lower.28 In fact, the fraudulent resellers would sometimes buy Mexican produce from a wholesale market before bringing it to farmers' markets in affluent towns like Santa Monica and Century City: they knew that through this efficient supply chain they could make a higher profit than by growing the produce themselves in California.
On the surface, these supply chains appear to be a classic case of "bulking and breaking," of one player buying from many sources and then distributing, in smaller quantities and greater variety, to others down the chain.
But although lemon dynamics definitely play a role, the bigger cause for the price gap, Bor explains, is a highly inefficient supply chain.
The supply chain of a used car from the time it's traded in to the time it's sold can be months and require capital and transportation from a dealer to a wholesaler's lot to an auction to another wholesaler to another dealer; multiple times exchanging paperwork, and signing documents, and exchanging payments, and requiring certain degrees of trust; and over this time period there's the natural decay of the asset that's being transferred, and the potential for it to fall apart.،All this in turn will become part of a series of tornadoes in the customer relationship management and supply chain management areas.
Historically, two infrastructures have developed to support traditional transaction processing-the Verifone network for consumer credit cards, largely from MasterCard and Visa, and the EDI protocol for purchase order processing between companies in the same supply chain.
The advent of an entire electronic back-office infrastructure is fusing the links of the retail supply chain as never before, driving reengineering of these relationships as well as providing huge data sources for analyzing market behavior.
Focus on supply chains and quality to ensure that as you ship you do not get caught up in returns.
Competitors must hope for some glitch in the supply chain or make do with the leftover market.
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